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Influences on Student Learning
Best Practice Principles
Instructional Strategies that Affect Student Achievement
Influences on Student Learning**
1. Student Aptitude
- Metacognitive Processes
- Cognitive Processes
- Social and Behavioral Attributes
- Motivational and Affective Attributes
2. Classroom Instruction and Climate
- Classroom Management
- Social Interactions
- Quantity of Instruction
- Classroom Climate
- Academic Interactions
3. Context
- Home Environment/Parental Support
- Peer Group
- Community Influences
- Out of Class Time
4. Program Design
- Curriculum Design
- Curriculum Alignment
- Program Demographics
5. School Organization
- School Culture
- School Policies and Demographics
6. State and District Characteristics
- State Level Policies
- District Demographics
**(Waxman & Walberg, 1999)
Best
Practice Principles**
1. Student Centered
2. Experiential
3. Holistic
4. Authentic
5. Expressive
6. Reflective
7. Social
8. Collaborative
9. Democratic
10. Cognitive
11. Developmental
12. Constructivist
13. Challenging
**Zemelman, Daniels, & Hyde (1998). Best Practice: New
Standards for Teaching and Learning in America's Schools.
Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann
Instructional
Strategies That Affect Student Achievement
1. Identifying Similarities and
Differences
2. Summarizing and Note Taking
3. Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition
4. Homework and Practice
5. Nonlinguistic Representations
6. Cooperative Learning
7. Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback
8. Generating and Testing Hypotheses
9. Questions, Cues, and Advanced Organizers
**Marzano, R., Pickering, D., & Pollock, J. (2001). Classroom
Instruction That Works, Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision
and Curriculum Development.